Ion exchange resins are commonly used in the water and wastewater treatment industries for demineralization and deionization processes. These resins are typically made of synthetic organic polymers that contain functional groups capable of exchanging ions. They are commonly used to remove specific ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and heavy metals from water. Ion exchange resins work by replacing unwanted ions with more desirable ions, consequently improving water quality. These resins can be regenerated and reused multiple times, making them cost-effective and sustainable for water treatment applications.